I’m an asteroseismologist and really pleased to see a link to the Kappa mechanism. I usually teach it as a heat engine concept, and it’s applicable to most stars in the classical instability strip.
Another class of variables that aren’t mentioned are the solar like oscillators, driven by convection on the surface of the star.
There is no scientifically imaginable form of life that could evolve or survive in or on stars. (So to be clear, this is all a flight of fancy)
Anthropic bias suggests that liquid water and carbon are essential to life.
BUT! I do think it's fun to imagine what assumptions a solarian biologist would make about the world. What would Solarian Bias look like?
What might be easier for a solarian physicist to understand? Would they have a different view of gravity?
They would start with a better understanding of astronomy than us, assuming they could make observations of the 'sky'; As the band Mogwai says "The Sun Smells Too Loud". All manner of EM observations would be more obscure (or rather their instruments would be dazzled). They would have to find some kind of Spot on the Sun where it's dark enough to see out. Maybe they could learn to ride the flares!
They would definitely start with a better version of the atom - there's no way to ignore fusion and fission if you live on the sun!
Or! What if it were possible to make observations of gravity from the surface of a neutron star. We have math and observations from here that make sense to us, but perhaps there's something that would just 'click' if you lived next to one.
Another class of variables that aren’t mentioned are the solar like oscillators, driven by convection on the surface of the star.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-like_oscillations
Our sun is one such example and has a period of 5 minutes!