You seem knowledgeable on the subject. Have there been any studies that have been peer reviewed, and replicated, that have come to roughly the same conclusions? Or is this preprint the first time the subject has been studied?
Not an expert, but I believe this is a widely studied area with a large body of literature. I say this because I've seen articles with similar conclusions going back decades. You can probably find many by searching Google Scholar For Occupational sex differences or selection
Even peer review is not a stamp of quality, but it at least signals "some set of folks have broadly reviewed this and consider it well constructed."
Whether it's sociology or fusion or battery tech -- we shouldn't put much value on preprint articles.