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Wait, so is this about censorship, or about copyright?

If the latter, I don't see why CloudFlare is complaining about "global" censorship. The US would simply seize the domains (which they have done so many times before), but I guess Italy doesn't have that power...


It's about copyright. Seizing domain names (registered outside Italy of course) can't be done in 30 minutes which is what the football overlords want.

There's no accountability or due process. According to this brilliant law, if some crony with write-privilege adds your website to a list, the whole world has to ban your website within 30 minutes no questions asked.

Germany has an equivalent within the CUII, which is also a censorship branch of the government with no judicial oversight.

There is no such thing as "no judicial oversight" in Germany.

That overstates things somewhat.

https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/llglrd/2019...

> To some extent, judges are subordinated to a cabinet minister, and in most instances this is a minister of justice of either the federation or of one of the states. In Germany, the administration of justice, including the personnel matters of judges, is viewed as a function of the executive branch of government, even though it is carried out at the court level by the president of a court, and for the lower courts, there is an intermediate level of supervision through the president of a higher court. Ultimately, a cabinet minister is the top of this administrative structure. The supervision of judges includes appointment, promotion and discipline. Despite this involvement of the executive branch in the administration of justice, it appears that the independence of the German judiciary in making decisions from the bench is guaranteed through constitutional principles, statutory remedies, and institutional traditions that have been observed in the past fifty years. At times, however, the tensions inherent in this organizational framework become noticeable and allegations of undue executive influence are made.


You're completely on the wrong track here. The discussion is not about who does or doesn't control the courts, it's about the question if someone who's rights have been infringed can go to court or not with regard to that specific matter. If a court rules that blocking an IP address is illegal, the access provider has to stop blocking it. Period.


Judicial oversight took a while in Germany, but it is there now (but I guess you will always find an incompetent judge if you really want). I wonder if cloudflare would implement the German blocklist now that we have judicial oversight. Currently it is as nice registry for pirating sites for anyone using 1.1.1.1 [1]

[1] https://cuiiliste.de/domains


you need to educate yourself better about "basic facts about biology"

they're called essential because humans cannot produce them internally, so we have to consume them (though you could in principle make the same assessment for other animal species, but that's less relevant, unless you're, I don't know, raising cows?)

plants don't eat, but produce organic molecules from raw ingredients (or almost raw, in case of nitrogen), and can produce all amino acids - but in different quantities, so maybe the (parts of) plants you eat don't have all the necessary amino acids.


Now they do produce all the essential amino acids, but in insufficient amounts? Weird how the narrative keeps changing in this thread. A serious lack of scientific knowledge is apparent from people who insist on eating animals. And as always, it is devoid of any backing evidence or credibility other than "trust me, bro, I lift".

From your tone and the fact that you're quoting things nobody in this thread has said, I'm not sure that you are actually interested in hearing any scientific argument. You certainly aren't trying to make one. But I'll try:

The quality of a protein is measured using PDCAAS (Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score). It's a score between 0 and 1 that measures the quality of a protein as a function of digestibility and how well it meets the human amino acid requirements.

It is indeed correct that both lentils and chickpeas (which the original comment you replied to was talking about) have a much lower PDCAAS value of around 0.70. Data on beef varies, but it is generally considered to be a complete protein with a PDCAAS score above 0.90.

Instead of accusing "people who insist on eating animals" of lacking scientific knowledge, it would have been much more helpful to point out that the highest quality proteins on the PDCAAS scale are almost universally vegetarian or vegan: eggs, milk, soy, and mycoprotein all have higher scores than beef, chicken, or pork.


You seem confused. The original claim that plants lack certain amino acids - or that eating them will somehow lead to a protein deficiency - was and is now again thoroughly debunked. The only reason people cling to the notion is to justify their inappropriate diet of animals.

I believe the person you’re responding to is a vegan (from other comments) so the “amino complete” alternative of eggs and dairy you’re suggesting don’t fit the bill of requirements for his arguments either which leaves soy. Mycoprotein has plenty of controversy around it regarding heavy metals and health issues from the fact that it’s highly processed. Soy has a lot of phytoestrogens so it’s not a great candidate to consume large amounts of.

> Soy has a lot of phytoestrogens so it’s not a great candidate to consume large amounts of.

The buffoonery continues. These irrational statements are straight out of the meat industry playbook - of course again lacking in any credible citations. And all you had to do was spend even 5 seconds reading a public encyclopedia to avoid this embarassment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoestrogen#Effects_on_human...


You seem to have a somewhat decent grasp of the facts, but honestly, if you don’t work on your tone, your posts will keep getting downvoted. If you like to yell at scream and call people incompetent, go off to Twitter or some other place that will have you. HN tries to maintain something called tone.

You're literally just lying.

The first thing shown on the website is - broccoli.

The top of the pyramid includes both protein (meat, cheese) as well as fruits & vegetables.

The reason that meat is shown first is probably that it's the bigger change (it's been demonized in previous versions), whereas vegetables were always prominent.


The first thing on the website is indeed broccoli. But the first thing in the new inverted pyramid, both on the website and in other graphics of it, is meat. In fact, on the website, when you first get to "The New Pyramid", you'll first see only the left half, the one that has meat and other proteins; you'll have to scroll more to see the right half with vegetables and fruit.

I don't think it is meant to read left to right but top to bottom. Chicken and broccoli are top center, and that is the standard weight lifter meal plan. That said, human dietary needs vary individually by far more than any lobbied leaders will ever communicate.

The website is animated, so there's no question of which direction to read in, the left side literally pops up first lol. I can't lie, I miss websites that stood still, this could've just been a PDF.

BTW, you say "lobbied leaders" -- if you're talking about the scientists who have their names on this report, you'd be very correct. The "conflicting interests" section has loads of references to the cattle and dairy industries.


The only difference from the previous guidance is that it's suggesting eating more meat and dairy, which would come at the expense of veggies, legumes, nuts and seeds.

To be honest, I don't totally disagree from a practical angle. I think we have to acknowledge that most Americans failed to eat large portions of non-processed veggies, legumes, nuts and seeds. The next best thing might be to tell them, ok, at least if you're going to eat meat and dairy in large portions, make sure it's non-processed.

I've found for myself, it's hard to eat perfectly, but it's easier to replace processed foods and added sugar with simpler whole meats, fish and healthy fats like avocado, eggs, etc. And since those have higher satiety it helps with calorie control and so you avoid eating more snacks and treats which are heavily processed and sugary.

That said, in a purely evidence based health sense, it's not as good as the prior ratios from what I've seen of the research.


cmon, this is just stupid

the "industry" obviously makes much more money on "highly processed" and branded foods - more intermediaries, more profits & margins

literally everyone can compete freely in the "whole unprocessed foods" market, and the only real differentiating factors will be quality & taste (as it should be)


Linear Regression a.k.a. Ordinary Least Squares assumes only Y has noise, and X is correct.

Your "visual inspection" assumes both X and Y have noise. That's called Total Least Squares.



Yep, to demonstrate, tilt it (swap x and y) and do it again. Maybe this is what TLS does?

>(swap x and y) and do it again.

This is a great diagnostic check for symmetry.

> Maybe this is what TLS does?

No, swapping just exchanges the relation. What one needs to do is to put the errors in X and errors in Y in equal footing. That's exactly what TLS does.

Another way to think about it is that the error of a point from the line is not measured as a vertical drop parallel to Y axis but in a direction orthogonal to the line (so that the error breaks up in X and Y directions). From this orthogonality you can see that TLS is PCA (principal component analysis) in disguise.


Well, your opinion is literally illegal.

You're legally (and technically) prohibited from re-programming GPS modules, GSM modules, and probably many stuff in cars as well.

(Actually, maybe contractually when it comes to GPS modules.)


Technical point here but opinions are not illegal to have.

Besides that your point is missing the fact that you are dealing with outside services that provide a contract for their usage (GPS, GSM). You should be free to program your own devices but if you use an external service, then yes they can specify how you use their service. Those are contractual obligations. Cars on the road have clear safety risks and those are legal obligations. None of those obligations should govern what you do with your device until your device interacts with other people and/or services.


GPS doesn't come with a contract. It's a purely receive only system.

It wouldn't be fit for purpose (letting soldiers know precisely where they are on the globe) if it required transmission of any type from the user. That would turn it into a beacon an adversary could leverage.


> if you use an external service, then yes they can specify how you use their service. Those are contractual obligations.

Sounds like something Apple would say.


The difference is apple doesn’t let you modify your device to use other services. Their contractual obligation goes beyond the service itself. That’s why EPIC won this case.


He is saying that it should not be illegal to do so.


And they are saying that it already is, naming a few examples of things that really need to be illegal to reprogram.

GPS et al would be non-functional if everybody could make a jammer.

(That’s not to say that app stores fall even remotely in that category.)


I don't really understand your point in restating this. Someone who says "X should be true" isn't going to be convinced that X should be false by reminding them that X is in fact false.

>GPS et al would be non-functional if everybody could make a jammer.

Then it should be illegal to make a GPS jammer. Making it illegal to reprogram a GPS receiver in any way is unnecessarily broad.


GPS is a bad example, but there are things that pose a physical threat to others that we maybe shouldn't tinker with. Like I think some modern cars are fly-by-wire, so you could stick the accelerator open and disable the breaks and steering. If it's also push-to-start, that's probably not physically connected to the ignition either.

It would be difficult to catch in an inspection if you could reprogram the OEM parts.

I don't care about closed-course cars, though. Do whatever you want to your track/drag car, but cars on the highway should probably have stock software for functional parts.


> Like I think some modern cars are fly-by-wire, so you could stick the accelerator open and disable the breaks and steering.

Essentially all passenger cars use physical/hydraulic connections for the steering and brakes. The computer can activate the brakes, not disable the pedal from working.

But also, this argument is absurd. What if someone could reprogram your computer to make the brakes not work? They could also cut the brake lines or run you off the road. Which is why attempted murder is illegal and you don't need "programming a computer" to be illegal.

> It would be difficult to catch in an inspection if you could reprogram the OEM parts.

People already do this. There are also schmucks who make things like straight-through "catalytic converters" that internally bypass the catalyst for the main exhaust flow to improve performance while putting a mini-catalyst right in front of the oxygen sensor to fool the computer. You'd basically have to remove the catalytic converter and inspect the inside of it to catch them, or test the car on a dyno using an external exhaust probe, which are the same things that would catch someone reprogramming the computer.

In practice those people often don't get caught and the better solution is to go after the people selling those things rather than the people buying them anyway.


> GPS is a bad example, but there are things that pose a physical threat to others that we maybe shouldn't tinker with. Like I think some modern cars are fly-by-wire, so you could stick the accelerator open and disable the breaks and steering. If it's also push-to-start, that's probably not physically connected to the ignition either.

I'm not seeing an argument here.

Cars have posed a physical threat to humans ever since they were invented, and yet the owners could do whatever the hell they wanted as long as the car still behaved legally when tested[1].

Aftermarket brakes (note spelling!), aftermarket steering wheels, aftermarket accelerator pedals (which can stick!), aftermarket suspensions - all legal. Aftermarket air filters, fuel injectors and pumps, exhausts - all legal. Hell, even additions, like forced induction (super/turbo chargers), cold air intake systems, lights, transmission coolers, etc are perfectly fine.

You just have to pass the tests, that's all.

I want to know why it is suddenly so important to remove the owners right to repair.

After all, it's only been quite recent that replacement aftermarket ECUs for engine control were made illegal under certain circumstances[2], and that's only a a few special jurisdictions.

What you are proposing is the automakers wet dream come true - they can effectively disable the car by bricking it after X years, and will legally prevent you from getting it running again even if you had the technical knowhow to do so!

---------------------------

[1] Like with emissions. Or brakes (note spelling!)

[2] Reprogramming the existing one is still legal, though, you just have to ensure you pass the emissions test.


> It would be difficult to catch in an inspection if you could reprogram the OEM parts.

This would be easy to inspect if the device were open.


The simplest solution to prevent tampering is a seal.


Why does it matter if it's running stock software or not so long as it's still operational?

Oftentimes even the stock software can cause those problems you've mentioned, and has happened quite a few times in the past


>you could stick the accelerator open and disable the breaks and steering

This is silly. Prohibiting modifying car firmware because it would enable some methods of sabotage is like prohibiting making sledgehammers because someone might use one to bludgeon someone, when murder is already a crime to begin with.


How does being able to reprogram a GPS device make it into a jammer any more efficiently than grabbing three pieces of coal and running a few amps thru it? Or hell just buying an SDR on aliexpress!

The only reason it's "illegal" is because they were thinking people would use it to make missiles easily - but that's already the case even with non-reprogrammable gps. And in big 2025 you can also just use drones with bombs attached to it.


Everyone can make a jammer already. (It's illegal to use one, but you're able to)

Hardware receivers cannot be reprogrammed as transmitters.

We already have well known areas with constant GPS manipulation. https://www.flightradar24.com/data/gps-jamming


How does reprogramming GPS receiver turn it into a jammer? To make a jammer, you better buy a cheap SDR from Aliexpress.


In the same way that anybody can use a gun for violence, right?

They're becoming self aware!


To be fair, millions people walking with guns around are much scarier than a guy which can jam GPS with a receiver. We have GPS jammed on a regular basis (including around airports when planes land/take off) and nothing bad happens.


> Well, your opinion is literally illegal.

That's the whole point.. parent is arguing that it should not be illegal.


IANAL but I don’t think OP is breaking any laws by having an opinion on this subject. [At least in the US] pretty much all opinions are completely legal.


Unless you're stopped at the border and a cop decides to take a stroll through your social media on your phone. Wish THAT was a joke.


Is it really illegal to reprogram a GPS unit? Why? Isn't it essentially a radio?


Why is it illegal? Pretty sure it's not.

It is however, illegal to broadcast into spectrums you're not allowed to.

But if I modify the uc in a GPS module to calculate 1+1=3 then AFAIK that's totally allowed.


> Well, your opinion is literally illegal.

In support of this irrefutable statement:

• > "Whatever is, is right." — Alexander Pope

• > "If you want to get along, go along." — Sam Rayburn

• > "Reform? Reform! Aren't things bad enough already?" — Lord Eldon

• > "We've always done it this way." — Grace Hopper (referred to it as a dangerous phrase)

• > "Well, when you put it that way..." — [List of millions redacted to protect the compliant]

Rebuttal:

• > "“The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.” ― George Bernard Shaw

• > "Yeah, well, ya know, that's just like, uh, your opinion man." — The Dude (In someone's pharmaceutically elevated dream, addressing the Supreme Court.)


So here's my opinion: unless re-programming something is illegal, it should be illegal for the manufacturer to prevent the consumer from doing that.


Source?

All data I'm aware of shows the contrary.

https://ourworldindata.org/co2-gdp-decoupling


Needs no source. Check the labels on your clothes and goods. Most are made in China.


[flagged]


"Retarded" is a medical term which properly refers to disabled people. Do you think that is acceptable as petty banter?

I referred to western countries outsourcing their manufacturing elsewhere, which would lead them shifting their pollution elsewhere.

Air pollution is not the only form of pollution either. China currently has some of the most contaminated waterways in the world.

China is addressing pollution finally, but since it is a dictatorship officials routinely misreport data to please their superiors, and the public cannot discuss such issues properly as they arise.


I don't know man.

My code runs in 0.11s

Gemini's code runs in 0.5s.

Boss wants an explanation. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


As long as the explanation is going to come out being wrong, I’m sure you can whip something up in 0 seconds.


0.11s is faster than 0.5s


Boss is using ai. 11 is clearly bigger than 5


Yeah that’s the point. Now instead of just writing good code, I’m also supposed to debug shitty AI code.


how about something like feather.so? publish a website / blog from your Notion...

haven't used it, but looks like a great idea!


Yeah, it's very easy to get into a situation of "type is a subtype of a larger version of itself" which obviously grows without bounds.

But the solution is trivial - basically the same as the old mathematical issue "set vs class": only small types are types, large types aren't. Which types are "small"? Well, precisely those, that don't contain abstract types.

See this brilliant paper for a longer treatise (the above is the essential summary): 1ML by Andreas Rossberg

https://people.mpi-sws.org/~rossberg/1ml/


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