That's exactly what they did. The article says $172m disgorgement (how much the CFTC thinks they profited from this), $311m restitution (the amount the CFTC thinks JPM harmed others but didn't capture), and $436m civil penalty ("naughty boy" fine).

I read that also, but it wasn't clear to me that the disgorgement was the profit, I assumed it was just what they had on hand from their takings, like if you rob a bank and get caught with $5k left then they would disgorge you of the $5k and then deal with the rest later.

Another insane fact: in the US, circumcisions are usually done by obstetricians. Doctors who are trained on and work on exclusively women, except for a single surgical procedure on newborn male babies.

It is also the case that public health boards are given such latitude that doctors who force these damaging and unnecessary surgeries on infants cannot be sued for medical battery. It is an insane practice.

Is there some general familiarity which they would gain from a more general practice which would be relevant to or affect the execution of this specialized procedure?

Medallion distributes their earnings and stays a fixed size rather than compounding, so it's a category error to compare their returns to most hedge funds. (At 66% return for 30 years, they'd own everything in the world otherwise). They're more like an internal prop-trading firm, which makes their returns good but not insane.

I’m well aware it’s not compounded, it’s still a worthwhile comparison. We’re comparing ability to capture alpha, they’re clearly among the best in the world at that. 66% is insane for 30 years as a prop desk even with a fixed capacity, what makes you say it’s just good? Who is doing better?

The difficulty is set so that almost all students can succeed, so this doesn't contradict anything the parent post said.

Pandas is still numpy under the hood, but you can create a numpy array that points to memory that was allocated elsewhere, so conversion to pandas can be done without copies in nice cases where the data model is the same (simple data type, no nulls, etc.): https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/pandas.html#zero-copy-s...

On Tuesday, GME traded more volume than any other stock, and that's on a day when the total market volume was much higher than usual (Wednesday is now the all-time record for share volume).

"An Introduction to Statistical Learning" was written by two of the same authors, and is explicitly meant to be a lower-level introduction to the same ideas: https://statlearning.com/ISLR%20Seventh%20Printing.pdf

Thank you!

Also highly recommend his book "Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint". Or any of his books for that matter; he's a famously good mathematical writer.

"Topology from the differential viewpoint" is a marvel of a book, and the most accessible one of Milnor's.

If you are not quite ready for it, or need some inspiration first, I recommend "Intuitive Topology" by Prasolov (https://bookstore.ams.org/mawrld-4/). It is short, has no prerequisites, and communicates the flavor of some of these ideas. (It also covers some knot theory, which is a different subject)

I came here to recommend that. And anyone interested in great mathematical writing should read the first few pages of Morse Theory. (The rest of the book is great too, but I especially love the clarity and directness of that opening section.)

Unix philosophy meaning tools that do one thing

By my definition in a platform/product sense unix philosophy = not trying to do all the things and being happy about it. But yeah, same idea basically.

I fear the alternative would be all the good names becoming heavily overloaded: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal.