It's funny. one of the most significant UI axioms I ever learned came from Bill Atkinson: "Always make the 'click zone' a little larger than the visual indication of the affordance." This becomes tricky or impossible for some things like touch-keypads, but for most things it makes the difference between frustrating and magical.
Apple seems to have forgotten its own innovations.
You can definitely beat that for $30. Hit the thrift stores and you can find vintage machines that will greatly outperform this. You may need to replace a belt on some, but many are working just fine.
If I understand them correctly, Ebers-Moll equations are based on the exponential relationship between voltage and current in a BJT.
But tubes aren't current amplifiers, they're voltage amplifiers, like FETs.
You can look at the "characteristics curves" of tubes (plate curves and transconductance curves), which tell the story of current against plate-to-cathode voltages for fixed grid voltages.
Rob Robinette is a great guitar-amp resource; knows just about everything about Fender amps in particular. He has many mods to many common/not-so-common Fenders.
Just his list of 5E3 mods (Fender Deluxe) is awesome:
There are probably broad categories that I might find myself using, but for my own core collection of music (deeper than it is wide, mostly), it barely matters.
For a large manufacturer, it can be flashed onto the device automatically by a machine as part of the production line. That's not easy to set up, but basically something they already need to have set up (you don't want to have humans have to plug in boards to flash firmware and load serial numbers, etc. on to every unit).
I had the opposite experience with my 10-year-old Model S.
Most parts could only come from Tesla, including the Bilstein struts (a part number Bilstein refuses to sell to anyone but Tesla). $900 per corner.
USB port between the console? $400. I found a used one on eBay, fortunately.
When the wheel rotation sensor receiver went bad, it cost $2500 for them to install and reprogram the replacement, because they "upgraded" to a different mfr. When that one started to go bad (water ingress, which wasn't cured by the new part), I sold the car and said good riddance.
Apple seems to have forgotten its own innovations.
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